Distinct populations: Slate-colored, Oregon, Pink-sided, and Gray-headed. SCJU is a common breeder in evergreen forest, often at edges. In winter, forms large flocks, sometimes with other sparrows, warblers, or bluebirds, in areas with short grass and trees. Feeds mostly on the ground, moving slowly and usually in tight groups. Perches in trees and is easily flushed, – always shows striking white outer tail feathers as it flies away. Gives a quiet but hard ‘tik’ call. Song: usually given from a tree, is a trill, like CHSP, but softer and more musical. ID: Round-bodied, neckless and small-headed with a gentle expression. Obvious long-tail emphasized by bold white outer tail feathers. Ad ♂: striking, other sexes and ages difficult to id. PSJU and ORJU, scarce winter visitors in W, rare in E. GHJU very rare. PSJU from 1st-yr ♀ SCJU by defined lower border to hood, dark lores, and pink flanks. ORJU has dark hood also with well-defined lower border, brown back, and salmon flanks.