Common in a variety of forests, often with open understory. The last thrush to migrate in fall, the only one that winters in N Am, and the earliest n. in spring. Spends much of its time hopping on the ground, quite happy to come into the open, particularly in the early morning sun. Frequently flicks its wings and deliberately cocks its tail. Often seems to be trying to stand as tall as it can. Its distinctive ‘chuck’ call is a good one to learn. 2-part song, first part trailing off, second part higher-pitched than first. Different pitch when repeated. ID: A fairly distinctive thrush. Small and chunky often with tail cocked. Upperparts variably gray or brown but always with contrastingly rufous tail and wing panels (bases to primaries and greater primary coverts). Bold spots to throat. Some have bold eyering and lores approaching SWTH — size, shape, and upperpart color never overlap. BITH is always dark.