Some breed in nw. marshes in E. In winter, scarce on inland lakes but fairly common on the ocean and coastal bays. Sometimes in loose roosting flocks. ID: Fairly small, even proportions. Vertical posture with clean outline to cap and neck in nonbr. Breeding colors striking but rufous color can look black at distance. Bold red eye. Molting birds,in Apr/May, are very variable and often confused with EAGR. Structure, and head and bill shape remain constant. Peculiar shape in flight with head held higher than body.