Rare breeder in young Jack Pine forest, mostly c. MI. Increasing through conservation efforts (approx 3600 birds in 2008). Many recently discovered wintering on Eleuthera. Feeds mostly on sandy ground in scrubby habitat. Constantly pumps tail (also PAWA and PRWA). A large, chunky warbler with a long tail and big bill similar to PIWA, with bold eyelids to match. Upperparts gray (sometimes with brown), boldly streaked black, and white wing bars. Yellow underparts and white vent with heavily streaked flanks and spots across breast.