Uncommon summer breeder in coniferous forest and bogs. Often stays fairly low on breeding grounds. On fall migration usually stays inside woods and flits in the canopy — judging the color becomes very tricky here. Song similar to LEFL but less emphatic. Call a ‘swoow.’ ID: Large-headed and solid build, a slightly larger version of LEFL. Bold eyering pointed at rear. Lower mandible shortish and broad-based, usually with all-bright, lollipop-orange lower mandible. Black wings with bold buff-white wing bars. These are worn by fall. The brightest empid with yellow underparts, including throat, and with dark wash across breast. Upperparts olive green. Juv: orange/buff wing bars, similar to adult in fresh plumage.