Breeds in Arctic Canada. Very rare to the s. on open lakes and rivers. ID: Slightly larger than similar COLO. Has more upright posture with slimmer neck that’s held back, bill tipped up, giving regal appearance. Nonbr birds paler, particularly around eye. Breeding birds have larger white areas on upperparts. Bill shape and color is always critical. Straight culmen with strong gonydeal angle, ivory in nonbr (named Ivory-billed Diver in Europe) and yellow in breeding (hence American name). Outer half of bill always pale; COLO always shows some dark however pale bill is.